An Analysis of Rip Van Winkle Using Psychoanalytic and Archetypal Criticism Essays

An Analysis of Rip Van Winkle Using Psychoanalytic and Archetypal Criticism Essays An Analysis of Rip Van Winkle Using Psychoanalytic and Archetypal Criticism Paper An Analysis of Rip Van Winkle Using Psychoanalytic and Archetypal Criticism Paper Essay Topic: Literature Rip Van Winkle When reading â€Å"Rip Van Winkle† by Washington Irving for the first time, one would get the impression that something bad and awkward is bound to happen to people who are controlled by their feelings and curiosity. In a way, this short story symbolizes the improvement of a young nation and its transformation to a free and democratic country. But, in it, there are certain people who don’t take notice of the political and historical changes, and as a result, they do not fit into the new system, leaving the impression of being odd and old. Rip Van Winkle is one of those people, and if we read the story from psychoanalytic and archetypal points of view, we will see that he was actually happy to have been asleep for 20 years. â€Å"Rip Van Winkle† answers some questions, such as the one taking into consideration Winkle’s absence from home for 2 decades. One of the answers suggests that a man, who only cares for himself, would eventually end up losing his wife and family. Another answer suggests that if someone sleeps or drinks for 20 years, he or she is not a terrible person, as long as the village is his/her friend. But, this story may also relate to a soldier’s struggle to adjust to society, after his return from war. We know very little of both Winkle’s intimate life and his hidden desires. But, with the help of Freuds concept of id as the â€Å"home† of the irrational, instinctual and the unknown, we can interpret Rip Van Winkles appearance in public. We know that he’s loved by the whole village, and that he’s happy in making everyone else around him happy. It is safe to say that he’s popular, a model citizen. But, this is not the case in his house and with his family, because he doesn’t care about them, as seen in paragraph 8:â€Å"Rip was ready to attend to anybody’s business but his own; but as to doing family duty, and keeping his farm in order, it was impossible. † He doesn’t work, nor attend his family. Laziness is considered a sin, but Winkle doesn’t have a guilty conscience about it or the abandonment of his family, and he â€Å"blames† his wife for the way he is. So, the contrast of his public and private life seems to be the same as the contrast between his impulses and the duty he has as a father/husband. Any reader would conclude that either Rip doesn’t love his wife or he is an immature man, incapable of handling his marriage. Winkles psyche controls the logical and rational, and his ego is probably the reason why he doesn’t divorce or harm his wife, or even himself. It is also the reason for his good standing with the other villagers, as it tells him that they would repay him in time. They really repay him, and Winkle is spared from complete anonymity when he returns home after 20 years, as seen in paragraph 56: â€Å"an old woman, tottering out from among the crowd, put her hand to her brow, and peering under it in his face for a moment, exclaimed, Sure enough! it is Rip Van Winkle- it is himself. Welcome home again, old neighbor. - Why, where have you been these twenty long years? † The final challenge that awaits Winkle is his attempt to be completely accepted in the society again. We, as readers, never know if he actually slept for 20 years, but we are not given any other choice. Winkle tries to redeem himself from his past sins by becoming a recognized legend. However, Winkle’s superego suggests that his disappearance is immoral. And yet, he gets a second chance after coming back from the Catskill Mountains. Without any effort, he becomes a respected man; his long absence justifies his political ignorance, and he even becomes a symbol of the village. We realize that his 20-year sleep has only cost him his wife. Maybe that’s what he always wanted: to live a carefree life, without working, taking care of children, or having an intimate relationship with a person he never really loved. But this desire is never revealed and we only see him as someone who follows the principles set by society. Since divorce is not an option at the time, it is best for Winkle to simply disappear. He could have also become grumpy and antisocial, but that simply isn’t his style. The story doesn’t have enough elements for us to apply Freuds Oedipus complex, but there are some interesting facts, like the one that Winkle â€Å"kills† his life while living with his family. Also, Dame Van Winkle is portrayed more like a mother, than a wife: â€Å"whenever her name was mentioned, however, he shook his head, shrugged his shoulders, and cast up his eyes; which might pass either for an expression of resignation to his fate, or joy at his deliverance† (paragraph 61). From this, we can assume that Winkle probably hated her. He even reflects about the new-found freedom from his wife (the other freedom being the freedom from the old society) in paragraph 61: â€Å"he had got his neck out of the yoke of matrimony, and could go in and out whenever he pleased, without dreading the tyranny of Dame Van Winkle. At the end of the story, the old Winkle is dead, and we have a new, regular citizen of a new nation. But, in order to reach this independence, he had to distance himself from his family, and disappear into the mountains. He goes there with the excuse of going squirrel hunting, but ends up falling asleep: â€Å"one taste provoked another, and he reiter ated his visits to the flagon so often, that at length his senses were overpowered, his eyes swam in his head, his head gradually declined, and he fell into a deep sleep† (paragraph 24). As a conclusion, Winkle’s disappearance was the best thing that could happen to him. While the people of the Dutch community had to fight a war, Winkle was sleeping, and woke up only to witness a completely new life, with a new type of government and without any family or private duties. He didn’t suffer any serious consequences, with only his physical appearance being a minor problem. In other words, he found a perfect, and yet simple solution to his â€Å"lifelong† problem. Archetypal criticism may also help us in analyzing this short story. A symbol which appears throughout the story is the tree. In more than one occasion, Winkle visits a group sitting under â€Å"the shade of a large tree. In order to escape from his wife, he would often go to the forest, and â€Å"here he would sometimes seat himself at the foot of a tree† (paragraph 16). He also falls asleep there. According to Wilfred Guerin, the tree is a symbol of immortality and regeneration (Guerin 152). That’s probably the reason why Winkle comes back home after 2 decades of i dleness in Nature and is not hurt by Nature’s elements. The tree where Winkle spends time may also be connected to the tree of life, which keeps people alive even if they do not care for their families or marriages. Dame Van Winkle resembles a terrible mother in her husband’s eyes. Having this in mind, we can say that she represents both sex and death: her husband is afraid of her and the fear leads him to emasculation. As a result, we see that Winkle is not interested in his wife as a woman, and regards her more as a monster, a witch. However, if she’s mad at him for his laziness and refusal to find a serious job, she would be a representation of the Earth, its fertility and abundance (a good mother). But in reality, besides protecting her children, she terrifies Winkle and constantly provokes him, so we can consider her as being good and bad at the same time (Guerin 151). At the end of the story, we see that Winkle becomes a respectable old man, or a symbol of wisdom and knowledge. According to Jungian archetypes, he tests the moral qualities of others. However, not everybody sees him as a wise man, which is clearly revealed in paragraph 57: â€Å"some were seen to wink at each other, and put their tongues in their cheeks; and the self-important man in the cocked hat, who, when the alarm was over, had returned to the field, screwed down the corners of his mouth, and shook his head- upon which there was a general shaking of the head throughout the assemblage. So, we have a situation where Winkle doesn’t end up left out by his community, but there are suspicions over the credibility of his story. Therefore, he closely follows the pattern of a hero, and is a kind of a sacrificial scapegoat. One of the most important symbols in the story is the birth of a new nation, something which was completely new for those of European origin. Again we have Wi nkle as a scapegoat, because he represents all the old European traditions that must be extinguished in order for the new nation to grow. Everybody must work to form and support the new government and keep the country’s independence. The old ways of thinking and living are long gone. While Old Europe was in a deep slumber, its colonies woke up, one by one. The group of pseudo-philosophers, formed by Winkle and his friends, represents the Old World and its â€Å"process† of doing nothing, while the colonies grow more and more independent. As a consequence of it, the transformation of Old Europe was something inevitable, and it changes, much like Rip Van Winkle. In this story, we can also try to identify Northrop Frye’s four mythos. In the beginning we have a romantic (summer) phase, as Winkle is loved by all the villagers. What follows is the anti-romantic, satirical and ironic phase (winter), when we discover that Winkle is miles away from being the perfect husband and father, probably because of him having regrets about his marriage. After that, we have a comedic situation (spring phase), expressed by his â€Å"adventure† on the mountain and his falling asleep and waking up 2 decades later. But, it all ends in a somewhat tragic note (autumn phase), because when he comes back to the village, Dame Van Winkle is dead, Winkle’s daughter doesn’t recognize him and even the villagers, who respect Winkle, don’t believe his story. Although Winkle doesn’t experience this as a tragic situation, any common sense would. All in all, if we follow Fryes scheme, this short story is rich with irony, because even after Winkle finds out about the death of his wife, he doesn’t want to know anything about her. At the same time, he has to prove the credibility of his story. By reading â€Å"Rip Van Winkle†, one may come across several interesting facts: that the Dutch, not the British, represent Europe; that an implausible story required some proof of its credibility, so that people would find it plausible or funny; that back then, people were equally interested in politics, as they are now†¦ But, what was most important for me was the fact that by reading this story, besides enjoying it, I could also try and analyze a complex character, a character leaving the impression of being happy at first sight, but having problems that are very much present even today. No matter how you look at it (as a story of a disillusioned husband or the representative of an old, changing nation), â€Å"Rip Van Winkle† is an enjoyable short story by Washington Irving, a thought-provoking work leaving a lot of space for discussion and comparisons to the people and nations of today.

LeBanze Automotive Company

LeBanze Automotive Company Introduction The company will be called the LeBanze Automotive Company. The mission of the company is to provide customized SUV and pickup trucks that are affordable and very durable.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on LeBanze Automotive Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The business strategy will be marke-oriented strategies such as product proliferation, product modification, and product diversification to meet the market demand. The business intends to penetrate the Gulf automotive market within one year. This analytical treatise attempts to explicitly review the concepts of the organizational chart, supply chain, and efficiency in the business plan for the LeBanze Automotive Company. The purpose of this business proposal is to describe the business type, its aims and objectives, the main activities, location, unique selling point, the reasons for creating this company, market environment, business needs, as well as rationale for the business, target market, customers, and key competitors. The business is called the LeBanze Automotive Company and it is established as a private company in order to meet local market demand for the sports utility vehicles in the Middle Eastern Block. The core business sector is the motor vehicle manufacturing industry, which also focuses on designing and creativity to customize SUVs to clients, especially in the UAE and the rest of the Gulf region. Business Idea and Main Activities The LeBanze Automotive Company business will be established to address all needs of the SUV market in the UAE where the customers would be capable of purchasing their required vehicles from its outlets.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moreover, they will get the facility to order by using the company’s web portal in which the company will delive r the vehicles within a reasonable period. The owners have already established a strong network within the UAE and the rest of the Gulf region. The product line of the business will consist of a variety of off-road vehicles with specially integrated characteristics to mitigate physical problems like inbuilt communication unit challenges, stronger chassis, and quality part. Aims and Objectives The aim of formulating this business is to sell SUV products to local businesses and private customers. However, it has aimed to introduce an online platform to attract the modern customers and to become a profitable company by the end of the first year of operation. At the same time, this business is committed to provide quality products and outstanding customer care services to solve dilemmas and to please the clients. On the other hand, the LeBanze Automotive Company has long-term objectives, such as, expansion of business in the customized SUV market, and vertical integration and merger wit h different companies to enter new market within the next five years of operation. However, the key objectives of this automotive business are: To boost its profit margin per year by 8% and to start new services from the second year of the business operation. At the same time, the owners have some commitment to save the environment of the indigenous Middle Eastern Blocklocality. Therefore, it will introduce environment-friendly operational activities from the third year of the operation, such as hybrid and pure electric SUVs. The owners will allocate 10% of the total profit for the marketing activity as it plays a vital role to increase sales revenue. Business Location The business will need to find out an appropriate business location in the United Arab Emirates for setting up the SUV distribution centre and carrying out the operation profitably.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on LeBanze Automotive Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/pa ge Learn More However, in this context, it is essential to argue that the owners of this new business will have to survey the market of that location carefully in order to recognize and better understand the business atmosphere, traditions, demography, people, customers’ and attitudes in order to run the operations successfully. The store will be situated in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, where the clients will get accessible transportation services. The company will then roll out smaller stores across the Middle Eastern Block. A good position will make sure that the business will run profitably with a good flow of patrons, as people would be better aware of its location. Unique Selling Points for the LeBanze Automotive Company The owners and marketers of the LeBanze Automotive Company will adopt five-stage processes in order to assess the business because banks are unresponsive to invest a large amount for the projects viewed as non-viable. The LeBanze Automoti ve Company team will identify unique characteristics of their SUVs by comparing with the SUVs of the competitors, assess the emotional demand from the perspective of the customers, and find out the limitations of the competitors. These procedures will help the management to avoid risks of investment to some extent. The business will design a unique campaign plan to aware to move forward as well as gain competitive advantages in the UAE’s SUV market (Arabian Gulf’s consumer spending boom par. 5). Industry Analysis of the LeBanze Automotive Company Macro-environmental analysis The macro-environment analysis studies external forces whose influence in one way or the other affects the performance of the LeBanze Automotive Company in particular. Players in any business industry often lack the ability to control these external forces.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Political environment The closer economic relations in the Gulf region will benefit the LeBanze Automotive Company’s business performance for a long time. The country enjoys political stability, which is a perfect environment for doing business. This is a good assurance for shareholders, both domestic and foreign, that their investment is safe and it is an incentive to them to add even more (Arabian Gulf’s consumer spending boom par. 5). With continued political stability, the LeBanze Automotive Company is poised to grow and expand even more as many investors are assured of safety in the event that they decide to put their money into the venture. Economic factors The Gulf region offers an economically sound environment that is good for business activity. The World Bank acknowledged UAE as a rich country in 2005 while the country’s GDP hit the $ 1 trillion mark in 2006. The UAE economy has one of the highest Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) in the world. The country has little inflation and interest rates with one of the best infrastructures in the world. UAE’s stable economy with the high living standards of her population portends a lucrative market for LeBanze Automotive Company’s business performance. More citizens of the UAE and the Gulf region have a high demand for SUVs due to the country’s high per capita income. UAE’s improved demand for SUVs will prove substantial for the overall performance of the LeBanze Automotive Company. Technological factors The LeBanze Automotive Company may invest heavily in information communication technology as it aims at improving service delivery and customer satisfaction. The online purchase portal is as a result of the company’s initiative. The Service Oriented Architecture is yet another technological initiative by the LeBanze Automotive Company which will enable the company management to monitor general trends in performance at a glance and spot out any existing bot tlenecks that could be slowing down business. The speed with which this happens helps the management to put corrective measures in place that eventually averts losses or negative growth. These technological advances will attract more customers to the company due to the improved efficiency with which clients are being attended to. Legal factors The LeBanze Automotive Company will be a registered business entity that is licensed to operate UAE. The company will remit taxes to both governments as a legal requirement and the funds go a long way to finance activities such as building and improving infrastructure, financing public goods paying salaries and buying necessities such as medicines. As a legal requirement, the company is expected by the regulatory authorities to be tax compliant. The fees are remitted directly to the government of Abu Dhabi. In the UAE laws of commerce, certificate of compliance for taxes are issued to business that remits their returns accurately form which ta xes are deducted (Arabian Gulf’s consumer spending boom par. 5). Micro-environmental analysis Industry competitiveness analysis using Porter’s five forces model Threat to market entry It is difficult for any aspiring automotive company to enter into the industry in the UAE market and manage to break even more comfortable. In UAE, the LeBanze Automotive Company’s business magnitude together with that of its main competitors such as Toyota and Nissan are well established and would easily enjoy economies of scale to the disadvantage of a new entrant. It would require massive capital for an aspiring investor to outperform their business prowess. The LeBanze Automotive Company is well-positioned to survive in the competitive market through gaining from economies of scale, competitive price tags, and reliable customer base in the UAE and other Gulf nations (Arabian Gulf’s consumer spending boom par. 5). Threat of substitutes Toyota and Nissan automotive compani es pose the greatest danger to LeBanze Automotive Company’s existence and business performance. These companies have been in the industry for a more extended period and are well established than the LeBanze Automotive Company. The Toyota and Nissan companies have the same products as the LeBanze Automotive Company and sometimes offer significant discounts to customers. In the UAE automotive industry, loyalty to a brand plays a vital role in customer behaviour. Therefore, Toyota and Nissan brands have the ability to offer an alternative perfect substitute to customers who may be unsatisfied with the SUVs offered at the LeBanze Automotive Company. Unsatisfied customers, therefore, have other alternatives from where they can get the SUVs. However, in order to remain relevant, the LeBanze Automotive Company has established a unique market for its customer through customised optometry SUVs. Power of suppliers Suppliers in the UAE automotive industry have more power owing to the ex istence of many SUV brands. As a matter of fact, suppliers may instigate market demand and supply variances. This leaves the suppliers with the power to dictate on proceedings in the industry, such as the market prices and distribution logistics. However, the LeBanze Automotive Company has endeavoured to use its deep reservoirs as a strategy for balancing the supply forces in the fragile SUV market of the UAE and other Gulf nations (Arabian Gulf’s consumer spending boom par. 7). Power of buyers Reflectively, the amount of output in terms of turning over sales depends on the buyers’ purchasing power. The higher the purchasing power, the better the turnover in total sales realised over a definite period. The LeBanze Automotive Company’s performance in the UAE depends highly on the ability of the SUV users. On the other hand, unreliable and weak purchasing power translates into losses and underperformance of the company. The management must, therefore, do everythin g within their means to ensure that service delivery and quality of the SUVs meets the expectations of customers (Barringer and Duane 34). The purchasing power determines profitability and probability of survival of a business in the short and long term. If buyers feel dissatisfied because of poor SUV product, they can easily opt to acquire the same SUVs from rival automotives, thus losing out on business opportunities for the LeBanze Automotive Company. Rivalry There are several automotive companies operating in the same industry with virtually all of them dealing with a variety of the SUV products. For instance, the Toyota Company provides the biggest competition to the LeBanze Automotive Company due to its most significant market share and expanded network standing at 30% (Barringer and Duane 34). With many customers looking for good value for their money, the quality of the SUVs has remained the main basis upon which customers are making their final decision to purchase in the U AE and other Gulf nations. All the players in the industry are putting measures in place to ensure they attract more customers and therefore expand their market share. In line with this, the LeBanze Automotive Company’s Abu Dhabi branch will be the most significant and busiest SUV retail store. The LeBanze Automotive Company’s business strategy Cost Leadership Strategy Cost leadership strategy is vital in business management especially in an industry with stiff competition. Reflectively, the concept, as proposed by Porter, is a mean of establishing a sustainable competitive advantage over other player in the industry. The LeBanze Automotive Company has adopted the cost leadership strategy to improve its efficiency through streamlining operations. As a result, this venture has developed a cumulative experience, optimal performance, quality assurance, and is in full control of their operational chains. In order to cut down the cost of production and marketing, the compan y has embraced the modern technology in its online sales, human resource management, purchasing, and dispatch departments. The company has entered into a partnership with dealerships rather than engaging its resources in obtaining raw materials and selling to its customers. As a result, the general overhead cost of operation has been reduced substantially. Also, the company has opted for diversification and expansion of stores in order to gain from economies of scale as the overall turnover grows. As a result, issues of underperformance have been minimized substantially. At present, this company produces the best quality packaging of its customized automotive products at the lowest possible price despite the high quality since production is done in mass. Besides, the company has introduced a series of efficiency monitoring systems such as performance valuation, efficiency in production, target management, and electronic purchasing, which has greatly reduced labour cost. These ventur es aim at enabling the company to optimise profits through efficiency in production, sales, accountability, and use of company resources while maintaining quality (Barringer and Duane 34). Benefits and Suitability of the Cost Leadership Strategy Efficiency monitoring in distribution, sales, cash flow management, labour, and diversification as employed by the LeBanze Automotive Company is particularly suitable for the firm as it is more of a precautionary measure that shields the firm from effects of redundancy and underutilization of production variables. Despite rivalry in the SUV industry, the LeBanze Automotive Company has been in a position to monitor all its operation chains and periodically evaluate the same as a means of reducing overhead cost due to underutilization, poor balancing, and unaccountability (Trassard par. 5). As a result, the LeBanze Automotive Company has managed to transform its portfolio and capital structure by 18% since most of operation lines are optimally utilized. Consumer Analysis The LeBanze Automotive Company products target male and female clients in the middle and high end of the economic ladder. This group is characterized by high disposable income and high demand for luxury vehicles that attest to their social status (Barringer and Duane 22). Despite the fact that the market for the SUVs has been in existence for a long time, there are very few companies that offer the customized SUVs that satisfy the demands of this class of clients in the Gulf region. This group is further divided into customers in the age group of late thirties who are the primary users of the SUVs and customers in the age group of twenties who are in the minority segment in terms of demands for the LeBanze Automotive Company. Due to exposure to information sources such as newspapers, television, radio, and magazines, product announcement through these avenues and word of mouth does come in handy. The decision on the best product, therefore, rely on the i nformation on multiple exposures to different competing products. In order to diversify market operations, the LeBanze Automotive Company has created multiple SUV products from the same product with different coloration, sizes, and customisation. This has created an environment of their competition and blocks other competitors from invading into the company’s customized cycles market. These sub-products are differentiated by features, prices, and the difference in quality. As forecasted in the market research, this strategy has been successful towards dominance as it offers a variety of options to consumers, while at the same time, maximizing benefits of economies of scale in the Europe market (Barringer and Duane 31). The same should be adopted in the expansion strategy towards the Gulf region. Market strategy and rationale From the above analysis, it is apparent that the company may gain in the Gulf market. Among the market strategies, the company should adopt include produ ct proliferation, product development, and market foresight. Reflectively, product proliferation as a strategy is the same as strategies that companies adopt to create opaque barriers for their competitors. Through this approach, the market share leader will automatically have the discretion to reap maximum benefits ahead of its closest competitors. For instance, this strategy will be beneficial for the company when it became the first company in the Gulf region to provide customized SUVs(Arabian Gulf’s consumer spending boom par. 7). Product development entails the innovation process aimed at modelling the existing product or improving on it to balance with the changing preferences of the customers. As a result, the older version will be phased out of the market as preferences change. The company should model itself as the leading company in the Gulf SUV industry in terms of design and innovation. The company will benefit from this strategy in terms of market expansion, espe cially among its early adopter customers. The product development variables at the company are connected at the central point of strategic planning which encompasses cost, speed, quality, flexibility, and dependability create a smooth continuous operation tracking model that operates like a computer from one segment to another. Therefore, the major part of the success puzzle for operations implementation management strategy delivery operates on the periphery of the soft skills involving  the timeless vision of organizational principles, defining value of the business, determining requirements, clarifying the concept, building teams, mitigating task, resolving issues, and providing direction as incorporated in the operations management system of the company in the European market. The company has developed a highly structured marketing distribution channel that operates independently. Foresight is very crucial since it gives a company rough perspective and an overview of the future concerning the expected and unexpected changes and challenges (Barringer and Duane 41). Therefore, the company should carefully examine and evaluate their past and endeavour to adopt relevant skills that will be relevant for future challenges and responsibilities in the Gulf market. In the quest for internationalisation, the company should opt for the use of local labour as a strategy to include in the management team members from the countries of operation through training of young and talented managers who are skillful. Besides, the company should embrace the need for the creation of an integrated structure to absorb company goals and those that favour business in the branches that will operate in the Gulf region (Arabian Gulf’s consumer spending boom par. 7). Therefore this strategy was very crucial, especially in the forecast of future direction as the foreign markets are used for customisation and the introduction of unique aspects in the automotive industry. As a strat egy aimed at keeping customers, the process embraced corporate social responsibility in the foreign markets such as sponsorship of education products and partnership with the local medical societies. Benchmarking Competition in relation to Toyota Company Situation at the LeBanze Automotive Company Globalisation has created a serious impact on the automotive sector with an innovative and deviating period of organisational, economic activities including the development of technology, increasing market demand, production and workflow, investment and trade patterns, competition among the rival companies, as well as two facing the threats of global financial. With lean production and outsourcing, the automotive parts industry is increasingly important for global production chains. The LeBanze Automotive Company is going over to modular assembly in which the main components manufacturer coordinates the design manufacture and installation of the major parts or systems of the car or truck. The value chain of the industry may suffer from declining wage rate due to competitive pressures in less developed countries with comparatively lower per-capita income. This is the situation that the company is facing. Situation at the Toyota Company In the case of Toyota, globalisation flourished in the nineties through FDI flow, production in other countries rather than the home and through its internationalisation strategy during the seventies and eighties with a successful record of accomplishment. Toyota introduced its overseas production in Australia in 1963, Thailand in 1964, New Zealand in 1966, Peru in 1969, and Indonesia in 1970 while the company engaged with 52 overseas production factories in 2006. Toyota Motor views globalisation as a more efficient way to address a future aspect in advance, including spreading unpredicted risks and prospects. Thus, the Toyota Companyposes the highest threat towards the survival of the company in the Gulf region. Solution to the above s ituational analysis As the international automotive market is getting more and more competitive in terms of producing environment-friendly products and capture the market as well, the LeBanze Automotive Company should recheck the strategy of the competitors to develop a product range. It should develop an integrated marketing communication system in order to inform people about the positive side of Eco-friendly cars for the environment within the Gulf region. Also, the LeBanze Automotive Company should increase expenditures for the RD than the previous year, which would help to produce new Eco-friendly, creative, and differentiated vehicles. The LeBanze Automotive Company needs to increase its integrated marketing communication effort to aware customers about the positive side of its products and the importance to use of Eco-friendly products to reduce global warming within the Gulf region. Conclusion As the Gulf governments seek to re-invent their economies and restore investorsâ⠂¬â„¢ confidence, the Gulf market currently enjoys a relatively peaceful and economically stable business environment. Factually, the Gulf region seems to be embracing the spirit of globalisation and economic liberalization with an upbeat positive mood of better focused economic growth accompanied by the development. Thus, it is recommended that the LeBanze Automotive Company should maximize the available opportunity to establish a structurally feasible marketing program as it has the advantage of knowledge on the Gulf market segmentation and demand trends. In line with periodic marketing analysis, the entry should be fast-tracked within not more than 18 months. For various reasons, the sales of the SUVs and the tracks would be best done by salespersons of the Asian native. This will increase the chances of credibility and ease of the interpersonal variables during product promotion and provision. The company can hire Asian salespersons and orient them on the product’s featur es and production processes and later send them as representative of the LeBanze Automotive Company in the Gulf region. At this stage, it would be necessary to encourage and facilitate the company-agent relationship which has been found to go a long way in the creation of a healthy trade environment. The automotive products of the LeBanze Automotive Company need to be integrated into the achievement of various organizational goals through the distribution processes to ensure that the products reach all designated customers within a reasonable period. Correspondingly, the LeBanze Automotive Company may seek to offer different packages for its products and other associated services so that all customers are integrated into the marketing plan. Besides, the plan should offer a variety of different distribution channels that will be vital in the attraction of new customers within the Gulf region. Arabian Gulf’s consumer spending boom to sustain strong car sales for years 2013. We b. Barringer, Bruce, and R. Duane. How bringing its business plan to life helped a social enterprise get off to a strong start, New York, NY: Free Press, 2009. Print. Trassard, Pauline. Mobile and Automotive Industries: New Business Models Needed to Promote Collaboration. 2 Jul. 2013. Web.

Taylorist Job Designs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Taylorist Job Designs - Essay Example The manufacturing industry is used to refer to businesses or companies which deal with transformation of raw materials within manufacturing or production processes into semi finished or finished products or goods. This is achieved through the use of various tools machines and human capital or labor. Examples of businesses within the manufacturing sector include companies which produce food, textiles, chemicals, equipment and machines (Prabhu, 2011, p. 23). The service industry on the other hand refers to the industry which offers its clients, customers or consumers with services such as communication, entertainment and transport as opposed to goods.   Pruijt (2005, p. 77) further illustrates that service companies provide intangible services and attract its customers through provision of customized and convenient services and service options.Soft versus Hard HRM in Absence Management The soft model of human resource management is argued to be an appropriate approach through which a bsenteeism within a company or business organization can be avoided. McGregor’s theory Y is the basis of the soft HRM which reflects that work is seen as a natural phenomenon and part of the normal living of individuals. In this sense therefore individuals should not be coerced into presence and participation in work activities (Larsson, Vinberg & Wiklund, 2007, p. 1147). The soft model of HRM causes a positive attitude among employees towards their work activities and as a result preventing absenteeism.

Materialistic and spoiled children Research Paper

Materialistic and spoiled children - Research Paper Example ts nowadays express their love towards their children by providing them some kind of materials like toys or favourite food items rather than keeping in company with them. This kind of attitude forces the children to live in a material world and hence most of their attitudes developed based on what they are receiving from their parents and the society. The influence of materialism spoils many children and they become antisocial elements while they grown up. Most of the parents complain about the state of their childrens generation, their ingratitude, laziness, materialism and lack of good sense, but simultaneously our culture, our children, and probably our friends and relatives tell us that overabundance is absolutely necessary for the happiness and stability of our children. Beyond that, many of the parents attempt to fill a void we leave in our children due to work and general busy-ness with toys and TV. (Delle) Though the intellectual levels of the modern children has developed immensely because of the better environment and living standards they have compared to older generation, current generation lag behind the older generation in many aspects. Most of the current children spend much of their leisure time in front of TV or computer and hence their reduced physical activities deny them the opportunity to strengthen their muscles or body. The reduced physical activities decrease the blood circulation and hence they may feel lazine ss and lack of self esteem. Obesity is another physical problem attached with lack of physical activities. Moreover, because of fewer interactions with peers, their socialization skills are comparatively less. Their attitude towards their parents not bonded strongly compared to the older generation. â€Å"In reality, childrens needs are very simple. They need love and care, first and foremost. They need our time and attention. They need basic food, shelter, and clothing† (Delle) Current parents are expressing their intimacy towards

Non profit organizations Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Non profit organizations - Research Paper Example Non-Profit Organizations Every firm is driven by a motive. The early stages of business school usually teach students only about one such motive, which is profit. They learn the marketing strategies, management techniques, and accounting methods as required by profit-driven organizations, because such firms make up majority of the firms in existence today. There is, however, a whole other side of business, which involves in running a business for reasons other than profit. The reason may be to collect charity, provide a social service or to bring together a certain community of people (Anheier, 2005). These organizations are non-profit organizations, and carry out their operations and procedure very differently than those carried out by profit-driven firms. Non-profit organizations operate for the good of community usually, instead of any personal interests, which are why they are not required to pay taxes on their incomes to the government (Holland & Rivto, 2008). The money they ear n is not called profit, but income, and they are not allowed to distribute this income amongst owners or other stakeholders; instead, they have to invest that income back into the organization, in order to accomplish the mission that the organization revolves around. For example, a cancer research organization will work on raising funds through donations and fund-raisers, which it will then invest in research to find the cure for cancer. Any money it raises that is left over after their expenses have been covered, will all be invested in research once again, and will not be claimed by any party as ‘profits’. Non-profit organizations typically take up causes, which they feel are important but not given the required attention by the government or those responsible. These motives can include a variety of causes (Holland & Rivto, 2008). One common example is organizations aiming to conduct research on highly dangerous diseases with no known cure, such as AIDS or cancer, in order to find a cure and decrease the number of sufferers per year. This includes organizations such as AKDN, founded with the aim to continue research to find the cure for social, cultural, and economic poverty. Other examples include those organizations who are dedicated to preserving some form of nature before the constant industrialization and reckless treatment of animals and their habitats leads to their extinction. Examples of such organizations and societies are those who aim to prevent the extinction of animals, which are dying off, such as rare birds or insects such as WWF, the World Wide Fund for Nature. Other types of non-profit organizations are those firms, which work to provide a service to the community, which they feel that it needs but is incapable of providing for it, or a service, which they feel the government should be providing to the community but is not. This includes organizations that provide scholarship funds to deserving students who cannot afford educat ion. They also include organizations, which form schools and similar organizations for special children belonging to poor families who cannot afford to enroll them in proper institutions, which will cater to their needs and educate them in the manner that they require, such as different societies for rehabilitation of special children. These are all a few examples of the many

Interpretation Of Feeding The 5000

Interpretation Of Feeding The 5000 13 When Jesus heard what had happened, He withdrew by boat privately to a solitary place. Hearing of this, the crowds followed him on foot from the towns. 14When Jesus landed and saw a large crowd, he had compassion on them and healed their sick. 15 As evening approached, the disciples came to him and said, This is a remote place, and its already getting late. Send the crowds away, so they can go to the villages and buy themselves some food. 16 Jesus replied, They do not need to go away. You give them something to eat. 17 We have here only five loaves of bread and two fish, they answered. 18 Bring them here to me, he said. 19 And he directed the people to sit down on the grass. Taking the five loaves and the two fish and looking up to heaven, he gave thanks and broke the loaves. Then he gave them to the people. 20 They all ate and were satisfied, and the disciples picked up twelve basketfuls of broken pieces that were left over. 21 The number of those who ate was about five thousand men, besides women and children. The bibles new testament contains a plethora of information and stories that chronicle the life and times of Jesus. Most of the accounts in the new testament are filled with symbolism and are regarded as relating to matters of higher purpose and deep significance. The new testament still provides moral guidance and clarification on improving ourselves even two thousand years after the passages were written. One of the many well known accounts of the new testament is Matthew 14:13-21, otherwise known as the feeding of the five thousand. In Matthew 14:13-21 the structure is relatively straightforward. The focal point is certainly the miracle that was carried out to satisfy a need. But the conversation that leads up to it is significant to the interpretation, Jesus is using the miracle to get something more across. Jesus does not simply do the miracle, but first instructs the disciples to give the people something to eat. They, of course, have nothing to give the thousands. And so Jesus gives to them, so that they might give to the people. The point of the passage is the revelation of Jesus as the Messiah, and as the Messiah He can and will meet all the needs of his people. The principal message is for Christians to have the same compassion that Jesus did. If we see the poor, needy, hungry, and are stirred with compassion, then we must follow the teachings of Jesus. We are called by Jesus to feed the hungry. Though we may not necessarily have a lot to give, we may have more than the needy. We can reason that they will only squander what we give them, or that we should not give because it will only encourage them to remain poor and dependent, but that is not what the Bible tells us to be concerned about. In order to become more like Christ we will need to be moved by compassion, which we then go to meet the needs of the people. Another idea suggested by the passage is that the provision of food has a spiritual meaning as well. The people would have had it in their thinking that man does not live by bread alone, or, that God provides things for people in order that they will listen to Him. We too have received the word from the Lord, and so must give it to the people. Any time God provides something for people it is a call for faith, a call for them to believe that Jesus is the Messiah, and that they need to trust in Him. This message calls people to take the spiritual food that Christ gives and to give it to the spiritually needy people of the world. It may well be that in providing physical food for the hungry and the masses there will also be the opportunity to tell them of true sustenance. The provision of life from Christ is always available for those who are spiritually needy. The story of Jesus feeding the 5000 has a message and meaning that still holds true to this day. The story tells us to be compassionate for the needy, and to provide them with the sustenance of God. With Jesus showing compassion and contributing his time and food, he wants others to follow his lead and do the same. This miracle reveals Jesus power as the messiah, through his limitless capacity to satiate the needs of the people. Bible interpretation table Text reference Notes Introduction Literary analysis What form/genre is the text? Who are the characters? What is the point of the text? What words does the author use to get this point across? What is the style of the text? What images are used in the text? What type of tone is used in the text? What words are repeated? The text chronicles the life of Jesus with storytelling. The characters in the story are Jesus, the disciples and the 5000 people that Jesus fed. The purpose of the text is to spread the message of Jesus through one of his miracles. The image of the 5000 people is to provide readers with an understanding of the sheer numbers that Jesus had to feed. Historical background Where was the text set? What major historical events were taking place at the time in which the text is set? Where was this text written? Who is the author? When was this written? What major historical events were taking place at the time the text was written? What was the society like in which this text was written? What religious background needs to be known to understand the text? Who are the characters of the text and what was their role in society? What cultural context must be known to understand the text? The location of the story is somewhat disputed. Luke says it was in the area of Bethsaida. Therefore it would be somewhere on the northwest shore of Galilee. All of the gospels contain the miracle of the feeding of the 5000 so the identity of the first author is unknown. The story was probably written at the end of the first century A.D. At the time, Jesus was travelling around with his disciples, teaching the people. Jesus was asserting his role as the messiah. Theological Meaning What have others written about the meaning of this text? What is your interpretation of the meaning of the text? Others have written that Jesus represented Gods will to provide for his people. The food represents Jesus spirituality, which he then splits and shares with everyone else. Conclusion Why is this text significant? It spreads the message of Jesus with a relatively simple yet powerful story of one of his miracles.

History in Film :: Movie Film Movies History Essays

History in Film Introduction [1] Who owns history? When portraying a historical figure, specifically a female figure (of which there is a distinct lack due to either scarcity of existence or insufficiency of acknowledgment in society), film has a responsibility to accurately represent the historical figure whose reputation is at stake. As a medium relating past to present, film possesses the incredible capacity to take ownership of history; the director holds the key to making history real or reel. Film has the power to exalt or distort historical figures to fit the mold of present day ideals. Maria Luisa Bemberg, director of Yo, la Peor de Todas (I, the Worst of All), embraces history and film in an attempt to bring enlightenment to the public. However, this movie has yet to infiltrate mainstream western culture in the United States or abroad. In contrast, Luc Besson, director of The Messenger: The Story of Joan of Arc, manipulates the story of Joan of Arc to fit the demands of a culture that feeds on action-packed, blood-gushing movies. We will take a look at both these directors, the films, how the films present their characters, what manipulation in film does to influence people’s idea of the historical figures, and how the movies are created to fit present-day ideals. History of Directors and Film Intro [2] Herself involved in a field not known for women of her time, Argentinean director Maria Luisa Bemberg tackles the biography of Sor Juana Inà ©s de la Cruz, a narrative much like her own. Growing up during the 1920’s in upper-class Buenos Aires, Bemberg never acquired a high school or college diploma but received an informal education under the guidance of a governess. Surviving in an age in which men still held the dominant hand, Bemberg lived out the first three decades of her adult life a married woman raising four children and suppressing a lifelong dream of delving into film. But at the age of 56, after going through a divorce and becoming a grandmother, Bemberg caves in to the â€Å"curse of an inquiring mind† and creates films that document â€Å"women that are vertical, autonomous, independent, thoughtful, courageous† (Bemberg as quoted in Bach). After having her life’s path determined for her by her controlling father and after being st ifled by her older brothers, Bemberg is able to relate to Sor Juana’s struggle to find an open forum for her voice to be heard.

Breastfeeding Vs. Formula Feeding Essay

Feeding your new baby is one of the first activities you accomplish as a mom. As a new parent, it is your responsibility to make sure your baby will get off to a good nutritional start. To do that means, you must decide what is best for you and your baby, whether to breastfeed, or to formula feed. Both choices have pros and cons, but it is totally up to you to choose which is best for you and your child. There is no doubt that breastfeeding contains all the nutrients your baby needs for proper growth and development. Studies prove that breast milk provides optimal health benefits for your newborn. Mother’s milk is easily digested, has perfectly matched nutrition for the baby, and is filled with antibodies that protect against infection. Further more, breastfed babies are less likely to suffer from ear infections, diaper rash, and intestinal upsets. In addition, breast milk offers immune system boosters and fatty acids specific to humans that promote optimal brain growth. Not only does breastfeeding benefit your baby, it has many advantages for you. Breastfeeding is convenient. There is no need to get out of bed at 2 a.m. to prepare a bottle. All you have to do is hold your baby to your chest and feed. Next, breastfeeding is very economical. Since breast milk is self- produced, you don’t need money to buy an endless supply of food. Last, breastfeeding is helpful in the process of returning your body to its normal state. While feeding, hormones are produced that make your organs contract into their natural size. Formula feeding, though, is a good alternative for mothers who are unable to breastfeed due to a variety of reasons. For instance, some women are unable  to produce milk. Certain breast reduction surgeries with nipple relocation could be an example of this situation. Also, any medication taken by a mother can be transferred through breast milk to the infant. So, if you are taking treatments such as, antibiotics, or anti- depressants, it would be best to formula feed because those drugs can enter your child’s system through breast milk. Also, formula feeding can be a better alternative for mothers on the go. If you are a working mother, in school, or otherwise away from your child for long periods of time breastfeeding can be burdensome. Your child will cry for you, and your breast will leak in desperation for your baby. By formula feeding, you are given the chance to be away from your child, without worrying about him, or her crying for you. Their care- giver can prepare a bottle, and your baby’s hunger will be satisfied. For the first few months of the baby’s life, it seems as if all the baby does is feed. But, your baby gets a lot more than nutrition from meals; Feeding your baby by breast or bottle also gives you and your child the cuddle, closeness, and bonding time necessary for a growing mother/child relationship. Your choice whether to breastfeed, or formula feed is exactly that†¦your choice. It is entirely a personal decision. You should look deep inside and decide what is best for you. Whatever you choose, it is the right decision, because you made the choice for yourself.

Rodriguez vs. San Antonio Independent School District essays

Rodriguez vs. San Antonio Independent School District essays In the article Rich School, Poor Schools... J.B. Raskin explains the Supreme Courts attitude toward the mandate of Separate but Equal. Instead of defining this attitude in terms of race, however, Raskin explores its economic counterpart by explaining all aspects of the San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez case. This case helps us to understand the economic barriers between towns (and therefore between schools) and the inequalities that exist because of the way we fund our schools. The article Its about time! from the Boston Globe helps to further develop and specify these disparities. The largest amount of revenue for public schools is received through property taxes. This, therefore, causes schools located in wealthier towns to provide more dollars spent per student and schools in poor towns to provide much less. The towns of Edgewood and Alamo Heights in Texas are good examples of the inequalities present and the controversy that can be found throughout the country. Business thrives in Alamo Heights, whereas in Edgewood, an urban neighborhood, commercial and industrial property is minimum. With a much larger population (22,000 students), Edgewood possesses the lowest property value per pupil in the metropolitan area at $5,960. Alamo Heights, on the other hand, only houses 5,000 students and offers over $49,000 property value per pupil. Rodriguez took this case to the Supreme Court to decide whether these inequalities could be allowed under the rights of the Constitution. According to Raskin, even though the Constitution does not specifically mention education, it is education that allows individuals to partake in other constitutional rights, such as speech, voting, and receiving information. Justice Powell ruled that this practice was legal and that just because there were disparities in spending levels, this does not prove that the schools were not prov...

Women in Islam essays

Women in Islam essays Women play an important role in any society. In many cultures, a woman looks after the family while the man works to support them. Not all women look after the family, as many have full time careers. Womens education is encouraged almost everywhere, allowing women to better themselves. Education allows for better career opportunities. In most societies, the role a woman chooses to take for herself is often a choice rather than a restriction. In Islamic societies, however, women seem to be forced into certain roles and responsibilities. These restrictions often seem to elevate a mans status and importance in society while degrading a womans status. While the Koran and Islamic society state that the two sexes are equal in religious and legal aspects, the two sexes have very different roles within the society. These roles and responsibilities push women down, and create an unjust standard of living between the sexes. The Koran is meant to be the everlasting word of God, and is the text that guides Islamic society. According to Tove Dahl, women received through the Koran a religious status equal to that of men as believers, and in addition legal status as an independent subject . In pre-Islamic society, women were often considered the property of their men, and did not enjoy much freedom. Men would control the womens actions, often dictating their lives. As Islam and the word of Allah spread, a society was formed on religious beliefs, and based on the literal text of the Koran women were to be treated as equals. Given that the word of the Koran is the word of God, then women in Islamic society should be treated as equal with men. If women were granted equal religious matters and given independent legal status, then in a society which revolves around religion, women should have the same rights as men, and given freedoms to make their own decisions pertaining to most issues. ...

The Real World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Real World - Essay Example I have otherwise come across a good number of students who have graduated and landed in jobs they did not even study or plan for. It is therefore obvious that there is the great difference between life in the real world and the college life. What am I going to do? Right now, it is a really difficult question because I have no idea what I am going to do in the real world. As a freshman in the society, it may be hard to fit in the real world environment as I expect. I am not different from other students or youths who love talking about their future, hopes and prospects. I major in marketing and I believe the marketing skills I got from college are enough to make me sail through. I can relate well with people both back in my homeland or in any other part of the world because of my skills. I got very wonderful communication skills that may help me interacting with anyone be it a senior manager or just a junior employee of any company globally. My parents always say,† It is time fo r you to face the real world and you should find your personal value.† Actually, I am kind really afraid of the real world because people often say that the real world is cruel. Although I am so excited about finishing school life, the experience of facing the real world is a bit scary. Indeed facing outside world is very hard to students who previously depended on their parents. College life is a bit enjoyable compared to the real world. It seems that there are several challenges faced by graduates in the real world that are largely different from the college or campus life. One of the greatest challenges faced in the real life is the job market experience which is very different from the college or campus life. In the real world, we need to learn how to build a good relationship between our manager and co-workers. I believe I am well placed and ready to successfully work as a marketer for any product be it my own products. We also need to learn how to communicate with other people because it is not easy like when we were in school. According to my personal experiences, when people get old it is very difficult to find good friends. Also, I would like to show others why I am different than other people and show my personal value to them. Personally, I am very socializing in nature and therefore I can create friends as fast as possible. After graduating from the University, I would like to find a job as soon as possible because I want to learn the new rules for the real world. I think if I combine my newly acquired skills from the books and the many skills at work then I will completely fit into the new world. Sometimes, the real world is just like a melting pot that can change people’s personality. However, everything has two sides; we cannot just focus on the negative side. The only thing is that we need to do our best in everything so that we do not regret in future. We need to face life the way it is and find the appropriate remedy for every ch allenge without leaving anything to chance. In addition, when I get into the real world I will improve on my communication skills with the society, work in the group and build self-confidence since these elements are very useful particularly to the employers. I feel that it is vital for a fresh graduate to collect various experiences and avoid choosiness when it comes to job selection.

REFLECTIVE WRITING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

REFLECTIVE WRITING - Essay Example I also ensured that all the company’s activities were run according to the set plan. This is mainly to ensure that there would be no discrepancies between the plan of the company and the results obtained. Being a multinational company, Caltex experienced a number of changes in its operations. Therefore, as the organizational manager, I had to ensure that I identify all activities which are to be performed in the company, and any changes that could have occurred. In addition, I also had to organize activities according to departments. This is whereby; activities of the personnel department would be separated from activities of the accounting department (Sims, 2002, 9). This helped me to be organized and to ensure that there was no conflict in the activities of the company. The learning theory that extremely helped during my work is the Kolb’s experiential learning theory. This involved; a clear observation of all the experiences that occurred in the company. After any pa rticular occurrence, whether good or bad, I would take time and observe its causes and its implications. For example, during a time when the company’s sales were falling, I observed the issue carefully and the possible mechanisms that would help to increase the sales back. Other experiences such as fall in the customer numbers, conflicts among employees or poor media coverage also helped me to learn from them. Afterwards, I would then try to formalize the concepts that could have been associated with the occurrence. I would then generalize these concepts in order to access the possibility of the situation occurring again. For instance, in a case where the sales of the company were falling, I would use concepts such as new promotion methods, or increasing the sales personnel. If there were employee conflicts within the organization, I would use concepts such as having peace talks within the organization, and counseling of the employees. After assessing the concepts that are ap plicable to a new situation, I would then use them on a new situation. Therefore, in case of future falling of sales or future employee conflicts, I would know the concepts to use. This learning theory has really helped me to learn from challenges and make use of them instead of getting discouraged (Leonard, 2002, 69). Substantive Topic Applied: Managing Organizational Change Organizational change occurs when a company goes through a transition from its current state to some desired state (Inc.com, 2012, 1). Therefore, managing organizational change is the process of planning, controlling and implementing change in the organization. This is important because; in some organizations change is resisted by the employees. In addition, managing organizational change is important since; it might be very costly for the company at times. In Caltex Company, we experienced a series of changes especially with the improved technology. For instance, the company introduced electronic payment of bi lls by customers. This is whereby; customers could purchase fuel and pay for it electronically without requiring an attendant at the petrol stations. The company also introduced online purchasing of petroleum products and door-to-door delivery of the products. This technology had a lot of impact on the company since; it reduced the number of employees thus, lowering the salary expenses. With introduction of online purchasing, the customers also increased greatly. The company had to embrace the technology and hence, there were a lot of